Haeba u phunya kapa u phunya letlalo la hao ka nale e sebelisitsoeng, latela keletso ena ea thuso ea pele hang-hang:
- khothalletsa leqeba hore le tsoe mali, hantle ka ho le tšoara tlas’a metsi a phallang
- hlatsoa leqeba ka ho sebedisa metsi a phallang le sesepa se sengata
- u se ke ua hohla leqeba ha u ntse u le hlatsoa
- u se ke ua monya leqeba
- omisa leqeba mme o le koahele ka samente e sa keneleng metsi kapa lesela
U lokela hape ho batla keletso ea bongaka kapele kaha u ka hloka kalafo ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tšoaetsoa:
- ikopanye le tshebeletso ya mohiri wa hao ya Bophelo bo Botle ba Mosebetsing haeba o itematsa mosebetsing
- ho seng joalo letsetsa Ngaka ea hau, NHS 111 kapa u ee lefapheng le haufi la likotsi le tšohanyetso (A&E).
Maqeba a thupa ea nale
Likotsi tse tsoang ho linale tse sebelisoang mekhoeng ea bongaka ka linako tse ling li bitsoa likotsi tsa thupa ea nale kapa tse bohale. Li-Sharps li ka kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bongaka, tse kang li-syringe, scalpels le lancets, le likhalase tse tsoang lisebelisoa tse robehileng. Hang ha motho a sebelisitse nale, likokoana-hloko tse maling a hae, tse kang lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B, lefu la sebete la mofuta oa C kapa HIV, li ka ’na tsa e silafatsa. Sena se kenyelletsa linale tse sebelisetsoang ho kenya lithethefatsi tse seng molaong. Mali a ka boela a silafatsa li-sharps.
Ho hlahloba kotsi ea hau
Setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se u alafang se tla lekola likotsi tsa bophelo ba hau le ho botsa ka kotsi ea hau – mohlala, hore na e etsahetse joang, neng, kapa ke mang ea sebelisitseng nale. Ho ka ‘na ha hlokahala hore lisampole tsa mali a hao li hlahlobeloe lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B le C kapa HIV. Le hoja e le ntho e sa tloaelehang, ho boetse ho na le kotsi e nyenyane ea hore mafu a mang a fetisetsoe ka mali a silafetseng, a kang cytomegalovirus (CMV) le kokoana-hloko ea Epstein-Barr, e bakang feberu ea glandular. Setsebi sa hao sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se ka boela sa lokisetsa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea lisampole tsa mali a motho e mong haeba a fana ka tumello ea hae.
Ke tla hloka phekolo efe kapa efe?
Haeba setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle se nahana hore u kotsing e tlase ea tšoaetso, u kanna oa se hloke kalafo efe kapa efe. Haeba ho na le kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso, u ka hloka:
- Kalafo ea lithibela-mafu – ka mohlala, haeba u na le cellulitis (tšoaetso ea letlalo)
- ente khahlanong le lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B
- kalafo ho thibela HIV
Haeba ho na le kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso ea HIV, setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se ka nahana ka kalafo e bitsoang post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Ho fumana tšehetso
Setsebi sa hau sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se ka khothaletsa hore u fumane:
- tšehetso ho tsoa litšebeletsong tsa bophelo bo botle ba mosebetsi oa mohiri oa hau – ba ka u eletsa ka matsatsi a phomolo a ho kula
- ts’ehetso ea kelello – joalo ka tlhabollo ho thusa khatellong efe kapa efe eo kotsi e e bakileng
Haeba u intša kotsi ka nale e sebelisitsoeng mosebetsing, tlaleha ketsahalo eo hang-hang ho mookameli kapa mookameli oa hau. Bala likarabo tsa lipotso tse ling mabapi le likotsi, thuso ea pele le liphekolo.
Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng
- Ke lokela ho lahla linale tse sebelisitsoeng joang kapa li-sharts?
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- HIV le AIDS
- Phethahatso ea Bophelo le Tšireletseho: likotsi tse bohale
Leqephe le hlahlobiloe qetellong: 8 Phupu 2021
Tlhahlobo e latelang: 8 Phupu 2024
Tataiso ea thibelo
Lithupa tsa nale ke e ‘ngoe ea likotsi tse atileng haholo tsa matšeliso a basebetsi tse hlahang mokhatlong oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Ka lehlohonolo, mefuta ena ea likotsi e ka thibeloa habonolo ka mekhoa e sireletsehileng ea sebaka sa mosebetsi. Mekhatlo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e lokela ho ba le litsamaiso tse teng, tse ka thusang ho thibela likotsi tsa molamu oa nale. Taolo e ka kenyelletsa ts’ireletso ea tikoloho hammoho le maano le lits’ebetso, tse behiloeng molemong oa ho sireletsa uena le basebetsi ba hau. Bakeng sa thibelo ea lithupa tsa nale, litsamaiso tsena li kenyelletsa:
- Ho fana ka lijana tsa ho lahla tse nang le mela e hlakileng e hlakileng e fumanehang habonolo
- Ho fa basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo ka nale e bolokehileng le lisebelisoa tse hlabang tse fanang ka ts’ireletso ka liketso tsa ho phunya kapa ho hula linale.
- Ho boloka le ho ruta basebetsi ka leano la taolo ea ts’oaetso ea mekhatlo e totobatsang maano a polokeho ho fokotsa likotsi tse ka bang teng.
Bontsi jwa dikgobalo tsa lomao lwa nnale di diragala fa (1) motho a feta kana fa a latlha nnale, (2) fa a phepafatsa fa a sena go dirisa nnale, le (3) go tswala sekhurumelo sa nalete ka tsela e e sa tshwanelang. Ho thusa ho thibela tse ling tsa maemo ana a khethehileng mekhatlo e tlameha ho sebelisa mekhoa e latelang:
- Kamehla fetola sets’oants’o sa ho lahla li-sharps ha mohala o felletseng o fihletsoe ho thibela kotsi ha o lahla linale tse sebelisitsoeng
- Nako le nako hlahloba mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho sebetsa (mohlala, beha tereing ho e-na le ho fana ka matsoho ka ho toba ‘me u khothaletse hore ho se ke ha e-ba joalo) le basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo.
- Etsa bonnete ba hore linale tse sebelisitsoeng li bonahala ka ho hlaka pele u li hloekisa (mohlala, u se ke ua koahela ka lisele, gauze, joalo-joalo).
Tataiso ea kamora ho tsoa kotsi
Haeba lere la nale le etsahala ho na le mehato eo o ka e nkang ho fokotsa kotsi e ka bang teng.
Bakeng sa basebetsi ba lemetseng:
- Phekola: Ntlha ea pele, tšoara kotsi e bohale ka ho hlatsoa hang-hang sehiloeng kapa ho phunya ka sesepa le metsi. (Tlhokomeliso: Haeba ts’oaetso e etsahala ka ho fafatsa nkong, molomong, letlalong, kapa mahlo hang-hang, ‘me u nosetse ka metsi a hloekileng kapa letsoai).
- Tlaleho: Ea bobeli, tlaleha ketsahalo eo ho mookameli oa hau.
Bakeng sa batsamaisi:
- Phekola: Ntlha ea pele, nahana ka monyetla oa ho pepeseha ha mafu (mohlala, HIV, HBV, kapa HCV) le hore na ho hlokahala phekolo e ‘ngoe ea hang-hang, joalo ka li-post-exposure prophylactics.
- Teko: Ea bobeli, etsa tlhahlobo ea mantlha ka mor’a ho pepeseha ho motho eo u tsoang ho eena (haeba boemo bo sa tsejoe) le mosebeletsi ea pepesitsoeng ho kenyeletsa le HIV, HCV Ab, le HBV surface antigen haeba e sa entoa.
- Tlaleho: Ntlha ea boraro, tlaleha likotsi tsohle tse amanang le mosebetsi oa nale tse amanang le lintho tse ka tšoaetsanoang ka har’a log ea hau ea likotsi tse bohale (kapa OSHA 300 Log for Hospitals). Haeba hamorao mosebeletsi ea pepesitsoeng a fumanoa a e-na le lefu le tšoaetsanoang, nchafatsa logong ea likotsi tsa sharps ‘me u e hlophise bocha e le lefu. (Tlhokomeliso: haeba mosebeletsi a pepesehile ka ho phatloha, ha ho bapisoa le ho phunya, tlaleha e le “ho kula feela” haeba ho fumanoa lefu le tšoaetsanoang). Likotsi tsa molamu oa nale le tsona li lokela ho tlalehoa ho mofani oa matšeliso a basebetsi ba mokhatlo oa hau.
- Ho hlahlojoa hape: Qetellong, latela tlhahlobo ea HIV libekeng tse 6, likhoeli tse 3, le likhoeli tse 6 haeba motho eo a e fumaneng a le teng. Bakeng sa HCV, etsa tlhahlobo ea HCV RNA nakong ea libeke tse 1-2 ka mor’a ho pepeseha. Haeba liphetho li le ntle bakeng sa tšoaetso, lebisa ho setsebi bakeng sa kalafo
Haeba mokhatlo oa hau o na le tšireletso ea Matšeliso a Basebetsi le MagMutual ka kopo ikopanye le moemeli oa hau kapa u romelle lengolo-tsoibila ho [email protected] ho tlaleha likopo tsa matšeliso a basebetsi ba mokhatlo oa hau. Lisebelisoa tse Eketsehileng:
- Setsi sa Taolo ea Mafu – Litaba tsa Emergency Sharps
- OSHA – Litlhoko tsa Tlaleho ea Needlestick
06/21 Boithorollo Lintlha tse fanoeng mohloling ona ha li kopanele keletso ea molao,
ea bongaka kapa leha e le efe ea litsebi, ebile ha e thehe maemo
a tlhokomelo. Sesebelisoa sena se entsoe e le thuso ho uena ts’ebetsong ea hau.
Qeto ea ho qetela mabapi le mokhoa oa ho sebelisa tlhaiso-leseling e fanoeng
ke uena feela, Mong’a Pholisi.
Litaba Tse Amanang
- Na Bahlanka ba Tšireletso ea Lipetlele ba Lokela ho Hlomela?
- Lethathamo la Thibelo ea Litletlebo le Likarabo tsa Tlhekefetso ea Thobalano
- Ho Itokisa ha Leholiotsoana, Karabelo le Pholiso bakeng sa Mekhoa ea Bophelo bo Botle
- Mesebetsi le Mesebetsi ea Bathusi ba Bongaka le Baoki ba Sebetsang ba Nang le Lilaesense
- Ho Laola Likotsi Tsa Molao le Taolo ea Lingaka tsa Locum Tenens
Maqeba a bohale
Litaba
- Seo u hlokang ho se tseba
- Seo u lokelang ho se etsa
- Morero oa tlhahlobo ea Sharps
- Ka morao ho EU Directive
- Health and Safety Regulations (Sharp Instruments in Healthcare) 2013
- Boitsebiso bo eketsehileng
Likotsi tsa Sharps ke kotsi e tsebahalang lefapheng la bophelo bo botle le tlhokomelo ea sechaba. Li-Sharps tse silafalitsoeng ke mali a mokuli ea tšoaelitsoeng li ka fetisetsa mafu a fetang 20, ho kopanyelletsa le hepatitis B, C le human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ka lebaka la kotsi ena ea tšoaetso, likotsi tse bohale li ka baka matšoenyeho le khatello ho ba likete tse ngata ba li fumanang.
Seo u hlokang ho se tseba
Li-Sharps ke eng?
‘Li-Sharps’ ke linale, li-blades (joaloka scalpels) le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bongaka tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho etsa mosebetsi oa bophelo bo botle ‘me li ka baka kotsi ka ho seha kapa ho hlaba letlalo.
Leqeba le hlabang ke eng?
Leqeba le bohale ke ketsahalo, e bakang nale, lehare (joaloka scalpel) kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bongaka ho phunyeletsa letlalong. Ka linako tse ling sena se bitsoa kotsi ea percutaneous.
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba u fumana kotsi e bohale
Haeba u tsoa leqeba le bohale le ka ‘nang la tšoaetsoa:
- Khothalletsa leqeba hore le tsoe mali hanyenyane, ka mokhoa o loketseng le le tšoare tlas’a metsi a phallang
- Hlatsoa leqeba ka metsi a phallang le sesepa se sengata
- U se ke ua hohla leqeba ha u ntse u le hlatsoa
- U se ke ua monya leqeba
- Omisa leqeba ‘me u le koahele ka samente e sa keneleng metsi kapa seaparo
- Batla keletso ea bongaka hanghang (mohlala ho tsoa litšebeletsong tsa hau tsa bophelo bo botle ba mosebetsing) kaha ho na le li-prophylaxis tse sebetsang hantle (litlhare tse thusang ho loantša tšoaetso)
- Tlaleha mohiri oa hau ka kotsi eo.
Kotsi ke efe?
Kotsi e ka sehloohong e tsoang ho kotsi e bohale ke ho pepesehela tšoaetso ea mafu a kang livaerase tse tsamaisoang ke mali (BBV). Sena se ka etsahala moo leqeba le amang leqeba le nchocho le silafalitsoeng ke mali kapa lero la ‘mele le tsoang ho mokuli. Livaerase tse tsamaisang mali tse tšoenyang haholo ke:
- Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Hepatitis C (HCV)
- Kokoana-hloko ea Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Ho fetisoa ha tšoaetso ho itšetlehile ka lintlha tse ngata, ho akarelletsa le tsamaiso ea tlhaho ea motho ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Rea tseba hore palo ea batho ba lemalang selemo le selemo e phahame, empa ke palo e fokolang feela eo ho tsejoang hore e bakile tšoaetso e bakileng mafu a tebileng. Leha ho le joalo, liphello tsa kotsi le matšoenyeho mabapi le liphello tsa eona tse ka ‘nang tsa e-ba teng, ho kenyelletsa le litla-morao tse mpe tsa post-exposure prophylaxis li ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo ea botho ho mosebeletsi ea lemetseng.
Ke mang ea kotsing?
Basebetsi le ba bang ba tsa bophelo bo botle le tlhokomelo ea sechaba ba kotsing. Sena se akarelletsa ba sebetsanang le li- sharps ka ho toba empa hape ho akarelletsa le basebetsi bao ba ka ’nang ba behoa kotsing ka boomo ha litlhare li sa bolokoe kapa li lahloa ka nepo. Ho na le kotsi e kholo ea ts’oaetso e bakoang ke leqeba le hlabang le amanang le linale tse sekoti. Mekhoa e phahameng ea kotsi e kenyelletsa ho kenya li-intra-vascular cannulation, venepuncture le liente le tšebeliso ea IV cannulae, linale tse nang le mapheo a tšepe-butterfly-needle, linale le li-syringe le linale tsa phlebotomy.
Seo molao o se buang
Molao wa bophelo bo botle le polokeho o sebetsa dikotsing tsa dikotsi tse hlabang, jwalo ka ha dikotsi tse ding tsa mesebetsi ya mosebetsi. Melao e amehang e kenyeletsa:
- Bophelo bo Botle le Tšireletseho Mosebetsing joalo-joalo Molao oa 1974.
- Taolo ea Lintho tse Kotsi ho Melao ea Bophelo bo Botle (COSHH) 2002
- Taolo ea Melao ea Bophelo le Polokeho ea 1999
- Tlaleho ea Melao ea Likotsi, Mafu le Liketsahalo Tse Kotsi 2013 (RIDDOR)
Health and Safety Regulations (Sharp Instruments in Healthcare) 2013
Melaoana ena (PDF) – Portable Document Format e kenya tšebetsong Taelo ea Lekhotla la EU 2010/32/EU mabapi le ho thibela likotsi tse mpe sepetleleng le lefapheng la tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Melawana e sebetsa feela ho bahiri, borakonteraka le basebetsi lekaleng la tlhokomelo ya bophelo. Maboto a NHS, likhoebo tse ikemetseng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le bahiri ba bang bao mosebetsi oa bona oa mantlha e leng taolo, tlhophiso le phano ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e tla laoloa ke ‘Sharps Regulations’. HSE e hlahisitse Leqephe la Boitsebiso ba Litšebeletso tsa Bophelo 7 – Bophelo bo Botle le Tšireletseho (Sharps Instruments in Healthcare) Regulations 2013 ho fana ka tataiso mabapi le mokhoa oa ho lumellana le Melao. Tlaleho ea Lipatlisiso RR1127 e akaretsa mosebetsi o entsoeng tlhahlobisong ea kamora ho kengoa tšebetsong (PIR), ho kenyeletsoa lipuisano, lihlopha tse tsepamisisang maikutlo le lipatlisiso tsa marang-rang har’a bahiri ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, batsamaisi le basebetsi.
Li-needlesticks ke ketsahalo e tloaelehileng mosebetsing oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle. Ho hakanngoa hore ho etsahala likotsi tse ka bang 600 000 ho ea ho tse 800 000 tsa manaleng ka selemo United States. 1 Ho bona, ba bangata, leha e le ba bangata, ha ba tlalehoe. 2 E le ho arabela kotsing ea ho pepeseha, mekhatlo e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho thibelo ea mantlha e le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa ts’oaetso ea lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa ‘me kahoo e fokotsa palo ea tšoaetso ea mali. Leha ho le joalo, likotsi tsa lisebelisoa li ntse li etsahala, ‘me ke habohlokoa hore batho ba lefapheng la tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba tsebe hantle ka likotsi tsa ho pepeseha le ho rutoa mabapi le karabo e nepahetseng.
Likokoana-hloko tse ka sehloohong tse fetisoang ke life?
1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Karolelano ea kotsi ea seroconversion ka mor’a ho tsoa kotsi ea nale ho tsoa mohloling o tiisitsoeng oa HIV ke hoo e ka bang karolo ea 0.3 lekholong ntle le phekolo ea ka mor’a ho pepeseha. 1 Lintlha tse ling li kenya letsoho kotsing e phahameng: 3
- Botebo bo eketsehileng ba leqeba la ho phunya
- Madi a bonahalang hodima nale
- Nale e sebedisoang mothapong kapa mothapong wa mokudi
- Mokuli ea nang le HIV e le mohloli oa mokelikeli
2. Kokoana ea Hepatitis B (HBV): Kotsi ea ho fumana lefu la sebete la bobeli ho ea ho HBV percutaneous exposure e fapana ho latela boemo ba serological ba mokuli. Boemong bo bobe ka ho fetisisa, haeba mokuli a e-na le ho ikatisa ka mafolofolo ha kokoana-hloko (e bontšitsoeng ke mali a HBeAg-positive) 4 joale kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la sebete la kliniki ke karolo ea 31 lekholong. 3 Ha mokuli a e-na le mali a HBsAg empa a se na HBeAg (e bontšang boemo bo fokolang ba tšoaetso), kotsi e fokotseha haholo, hoo e ka bang karolo ea 1 ho ea ho 6 lekholong. 3 3. Kokoana ea Hepatitis C (HCV): Kotsi ea HCV seroconversion ka mor’a leqeba la nale ho tsoa ho mokuli ea tšoaelitsoeng HCV ke hoo e ka bang karolo ea 1,8 lekholong. 1 Ka bomalimabe, ho na le bopaki bo fokolang bo tšehetsang kalafo ea kamora ho pepeseha e le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso.
Karolo ea Ho Enta
Har’a mafu ana a 3, ente e fumaneha feela bakeng sa HBV. Lilemong tsa bo-1970, kotsi ea ho fumana HBV e ne e le khōlō ka makhetlo a 10 ho basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo bo botle ho feta sechabeng ka kakaretso. 3 Kotsi ena e fokotsehile haholo, ka lebaka la karolo e ‘ngoe ea letšolo le mabifi la ente le lebisitsoeng ho basebetsi ba sepetlele. 3 Lintlha mabapi le ente: 5
- Letoto la lithunya tse 3 tse entsoeng ho tsoa ho HBsAg lia tsamaisoa.
- Karabo ea ente e ka netefatsoa ka ho hlahloba li-anti-HBs likhoeli tse 2-3 ka mor’a ho phethoa ha letoto.
- Ho sebetsa hantle ke hoo e ka bang liperesente tse 95 ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle.
- Tšireletso e nka bonyane lilemo tse 10 ka mor’a ho entoa, empa e ka tšoarella nako e telele. 6
- Hajoale, ha ho na booster e khothalletsoang.
Ke protocol efe e lokelang ho lateloa ka mor’a ntho leha e le efe ea nale?
Ntlha ea pele, u se ke ua tšoha. Li-protocol li teng ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso kamora ho pepeseha. Ea bobeli, u se ke ua hlokomoloha ho pepeseha. Ho sebetsa ka nako e behiloeng ho ka lebisa phokotsong e kholo ea sekhahla sa phetiso ea mafu a itseng. Ho lokela hore ho nkoe mehato e latelang: 1
- Sebaka seo se lokela ho hlatsuoa hang-hang ka sesepa le metsi.
- Ketsahalo e tlameha ho tlalehoa ‘me leqephe la tlaleho ea ho pepeseha le phethetsoe.
- Ho pepeseha ho lokela ho hlahlojoa (mofuta oa mokelikeli, mofuta oa nale, palo ea mali holim’a nale, joalo-joalo).
- Mohloli oa tlhahiso o lokela ho hlahlojoa:
a. HIV, HBV, le HCV boemo ba mokuli;
b. Tumellano le tlhahlobo ea mokuli bakeng sa mafu ana haeba
boemo bo sa tsejoe;
c. Monyetla oa tšoaetso ho latela sechaba se sebeletsang
sepetlele haeba mokuli a le sieo
ho hlahlojoa. - Tsamaiso e nepahetseng ya kgahlamelo efe kapa efe e ntle e a hlokahala
Taolo e ikgethang ya Kokwana-hloko kamora ho pepeseha
1. HIV: Tšebeliso ea post-exposure prophylaxis e ka thusa ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tšoaetsoa HIV. Molemo o moholo o ka fumanoa ka ho qala kalafo ka mor’a lihora tsa ho pepeseha. Litaelo li kenyelletsa tse latelang: 1
- Qala post-exposure prophylaxis kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
- Lekola bocha motho ea pepesitsoeng nakong ea lihora tse 72, haholo-holo u shebane le lintlha tse ncha mabapi le mohloli le ho pepeseha.
- Haeba mohloli o netefalitsoe hore ha o na HIV, post-exposure prophylaxis e ka khaotsoa.
- Haeba mohloli o netefalitsoe hore o na le tšoaetso ea HIV, tsoelapele ka kalafo bakeng sa libeke tse 4 haeba ho mamelloa.
- Basebetsi bohle ba pepesehetseng HIV ba lokela ho etsa tlhahlobo ea masole a ‘mele ea HIV nakong ea libeke tse 6, libeke tse 12 le likhoeli tse 6.
Litlhahiso tse ling tse amanang le tšoaetso ea HIV: Ho na le monyetla oa ho ba chefo ka li-antiretrovirals, kahoo tšebeliso e lokela ho lekanyetsoa feela ho pepeseha moo kotsi e utloahalang ea phetiso e leng teng.
- Phekolo ea meriana ea 2 (e nang le li-nucleoside analogues tsa 2) e khothalletsoa, le hoja phekolo ea meriana ea 3 e ka ‘na ea lumelloa tlas’a maemo a itseng (ke hore, mohloli o nang le kokoana-hloko e phahameng kapa ho tsebahala ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi).
- Motho o lokela ho tsebisa ngaka e phekolang ka boemo ba bokhachane le meriana ea hona joale hobane tsena li ka susumetsa khetho ea phekolo ea phekolo.
2. HBV: Kalafo ka mor’a ho pepeseha e fapana ho latela boemo ba ente ea motho ea pepeneng le boemo ba HBV ba mokuli: 1
- Ho sa tsotellehe boemo ba mokuli, haeba motho a tšoeroe ke lesela la nale ‘me a sa entoa, letoto la ente le lokela ho qalisoa.
- Haeba motho a entetsoe ‘me a e-na le karabelo e ngotsoeng ho ente, joale ha ho na phekolo e hlokahalang ka mor’a ho pepeseha.
- Haeba boemo ba ente ea motho ea pepesitsoeng bo sa tsejoe, o lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa li-anti-HB pele a etsa qeto ea phekolo.
3. HCV: Ha ho phekolo e bontšitsoeng ho thibela tšoaetso bakeng sa basebetsi ba pepesehetse HCV. Setsi sa likhothaletso mabapi le ho latela basebetsi kamora ho tsoa kotsi le ho beha leihlo HCV RNA serum. Litlhahiso li kenyelletsa: 7
- Qala ho hlahloba li-antibodies tsa HCV, maemo a HCV RNA, le maemo a alanine aminotranferase (ALT) hang ka mor’a ketsahalo eo.
- Pheta tlhahlobo ka mor’a libeke tse 2-8.
- Haeba tšoaetso e hlaha, mosebeletsi oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o lokela ho romelloa ho setsebi bakeng sa tsamaiso.
Litšupiso
- Setsi sa Sechaba sa Polokeho le Bophelo bo Botle Mosebetsing. Tlhokomeliso ea NIOSH: Ho thibela likotsi tsa lisebelisoa sebakeng sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Phatlalatso ea NIOSH No. 2000-108. Washington, DC: Setsi sa Sechaba sa Tšireletseho le Bophelo bo Botle mosebetsing; 1999. E fumaneha ho: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/2000-108.html. E fihletsoe ka September 2, 2005.
- Henry K, Campbell S. Likotsi tsa Needlestick / sharps le tšoaetso ea HIV har’a basebeletsi ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo: likhakanyo tsa naha tse thehiloeng phuputsong ea lipetlele tsa US. Minn Med. 1995;78:41-44.
- Litsi tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu. Litaelo tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba tsa US bakeng sa taolo ea ho pepeseha ha mosebetsi ho HBV, HCV, le HIV le likhothaletso bakeng sa postexposure prophylaxis. MMWR. 2001;50(RR-11):8.
- Crawford JM. Sebete le pampitšana ea biliary. Ho: Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T, ed. Robbins Pathological Motheo oa Mafu. 6th ed. New York, NY: WB Saunders; 1999:845-901.
- Teo EK, Lok ASF. Ente ea kokoana-hloko ea Hepatitis B. E fumaneha ho: http://uptodateonline.com. E fihletsoe ka August 11, 2005.
- Yuen MF, Lim WL, Chan AO, et al.
Boithuto ba morao-rao ba lilemo tse 18 mabapi le teko e lebelletsoeng e sa lebelloang ea liente tsa lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B ntle le litekanyo tse matlafatsang baneng.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.2004;2(10):941-945. - Mekhatlo ea Sechaba ea Bophelo bo Botle. Tlhaloso ea Tumellano ea NIH mabapi le Tsamaiso ea Hepatitis C: 2002. NIH e lumellana le lipolelo tsa Sci ea Naha. 2002 June 10-12;19:1-46.
Mehato e 5 eo U Lokelang ho e Nka ka ho Latela Nama le Mokhoa oa ho Thibela Kotsi Sebakeng sa Mosebetsi 
E ngotsoe ke Anne Carrie Ho ea ka The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ho na le likotsi tse ka bang 385,000 tse amanang le bohale tse hlahang selemo le selemo indastering ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea US, e leng karolelano ea 1,000 ka letsatsi. Leqeba le hlabang ke leqeba le phunyeletsang le tsoang ho nale, scalpel, kapa ntho e ‘ngoe e bohale e ka lebisang ho pepesehela mali kapa maro a ‘mele. Ho
tlalehoa hore likokoana-hloko tse fetang 20 tsa mali li fetisitsoe ho tsoa
likotsing tsa mefuta ena. Tse ling li ka lebisa ho mafu a matla le a bolaeang a kang lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B, lefu la sebete la
C, kapa kokoana-hloko ea ho itšireletsa mafung (HIV). Ha e le hantle, hoo e ka bang karolo ea 2 lekholong ea batho ba
lemetseng ka thipa e ka ’na ea e-ba le tšoaetso ea (HIV).
Likotsi tse ngata tse amanang le ho hlaba li ama baoki, lingaka, basebetsi ba laboratori le basebeletsi ba bang ba
tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Hangata li bakoa ke mokhathala, ho sebelisa
mekhoa e sa lokelang, lisebelisoa tse kotsi, phihlelo e fokolang ea basebetsi, le maemo a sithabetsang a mosebetsi
sebakeng se potlakileng. Likotsi li ka etsahala ha basebetsi ba
lahla linale, ba bokella lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang mekhoeng ea bongaka, ba ntša mali, kapa ba
tšoara lithōle kapa lilakane tse litšila. Litšenyehelo
tse hakantsoeng tsa bongaka le tlhahiso ea mosebetsi ho tsoa likotsing tse amanang le li-sharps li
hakanyetsoa ho $188.5 milione ka selemo US. Ka litšenyehelo tse tobileng ho
tloha ho $ 500 ho ea ho $ 5,000 ka kotsi ho itšetlehile ka phekolo e fanoeng. Ho thata
ho hlahisa litšenyehelo tsohle hobane hoo e ka bang 50% ea likotsi tsohle ha li
tlalehe. Leha ho le joalo, likotsi tse bohale li na le phello e kholo ea moruo
indastering ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Ho ea ka Mokhatlo oa Lipetlele oa Amerika,
nyeoe e le ‘ngoe ea tšoaetso e matla ea likokoana-hloko tse tsoang maling e ka eketsa chelete e ka bang $1 million kapa
ho feta ka litšenyehelo tsa ho hlahloba, ho latela, ho lahleheloa ke nako le litefello tsa bokooa.
Litšenyehelo tseo ho leng thata ho li lekanya li kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo e bakoang ke kotsi,
litšenyehelo tsa maikutlo tse bakoang ke tšabo le matšoenyeho a ho tšoaroa ke lefu le tšoaetsanoang kapa tšoaetso,
ho lahleheloa ke nako mosebetsing, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo ea laboratori, phekolo ea meriana, le
litšenyehelo tsa nyeoe leha e le efe. Ho
na le litataiso tse emeng ka mor’a kotsi e matla eo basebeletsi ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba
lokelang ho e sebelisa bakeng sa thibelo ea kamora ho pepeseha, ho kenyeletsoa le meriana e thibelang kokoana-hloko bakeng sa
batho ba pepesehetseng HIV le kokoana-hloko ea hepatitis B kapa C. Ka tlase lethathamo la mehato e
khothaletsoang ke CDC e lokelang ho lateloa ka mor’a kotsi e bohale. Mehato eo u lokelang ho e nka ho latela
nalestick: Haeba
u kile oa tsoa likotsi tse mpe nakong ea mosebetsi oa hau, latela
mehato ena hanghang:
- Hlatsoa leqeba ka sesepa le metsi
- Hlatsoa molomo, nko kapa letlalo ka metsi
- Nosetsa mahlo ka metsi, saline, kapa
nosetso e hlapang - Tlaleha ketsahalo ena ho mookameli oa hau
- Fumana kalafo hanghang sebakeng se
haufi sa ER kapa setsing sa kalafo.
Bahiri le
bahiruoa ba ka etsa eng ho thibela kotsi mosebetsing? Bahiri:
- Kenya
ts’ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa boenjineri ho fokotsa likotsi tsa linalete. - Qoba ho sebelisa linale ha ho na le mekhoa e
meng e sireletsehileng. - Kenya ts’ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse nang le
likarolo tsa polokeho. - Beha lintho tse tlang pele le maano a ho thibela likotsi tsa lesela la linalete ka ho hlahloba
tlhahisoleseling ea lehae le ea naha mabapi le mabaka a kotsi. - Netefatsa koetliso e nepahetseng ea basebetsi mabapi le ts’ebeliso e bolokehileng le ho lahloa ha linale.
- Fetola mekhoa ea mosebetsi e nang le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho lemala ka lehare.
- Ho phahamisa tlhokomeliso ea polokeho sebakeng sa mosebetsi.
- Theha mekhoa ea ho khothaletsa le ho khothaletsa tlaleho ea lithupa tsohle
le likotsi tse ling tse amanang le ho hlaba. - Lekola katleho ea boiteko ba thibelo le ho fana ka maikutlo mabapi le
ts’ebetso.
Basebetsi:
- Qoba ho recapping linale.
- Pele o qala mokhoa leha e le ofe o sebelisa
linale, rera ho tšoara ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho lahla ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. - Thusa mohiri oa hau ho khetha le ho lekola
lisebelisoa tse nang le likarolo tsa polokeho. - Sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nang le likarolo tsa polokeho.
- Tlaleha likotsi tsohle tsa linale le tse ling tse amanang le
likotsi. - Lahla linale tse sebelisitsoeng ka har’a
lijana tse loketseng tsa ho lahla. - Tsebisa mohiri oa hao ka likotsi tse bakoang ke linale
tseo u li bonang mosebetsing. - Kenya letsoho thupelong ea likokoana-hloko tsa mali ‘me u latele mekhoa e khothalletsoang ea ho thibela tšoaetso, ho kenyelletsa le ente ea
hepatitis B.
Litšupiso: http://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/needinjuries/en/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17655812 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/bbp/emergnedl.html http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2000-108/pdfs/2000-108.pdf https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3161.pdf
- Mokhoa oa ho ipelaetsa sekolong
- Mokhoa oa ho makatsa motsoalle
- Mokhoa oa ho bina katara
- Mokhoa oa ho fumana matlo a lithara tsa likatse
- Mokhoa oa ho theha mokha oa lipolotiki